Several years ago I served on a jury and during voir dire the judge asked the question, “Is there anyone who thinks the jury has the right to judge the law as well as the facts of the case?” One man raised his hand and the judge said “You are excused sir.” The man left and that was the end of it. At the time I had no opinion on the matter because I had never encountered the issue before, but the question intrigued me. I’ve studied the matter since that time and now have reached what I call my “beyond the Internet” phase, that is, the point where I stop reading about an issue on the Internet and restrict my research to a good university library, in the hope of finding something more credible than the global writ of common wisdom.
I’ve yet to embark on said research, so I’ve yet to develop a cogent opinion on the matter, but even before I do I have a question:
Why do juries need to rely on jury nullification when they can examine the evidence, provided the evidence includes the testimony of the officers of the court?
What I mean to say is that the testimony of the judges and prosecutors is evidence, and the jury is free to judge it; ergo, if the officers of the court try to tell a jury that they must convict someone for breaking a law — or an interpretation of a law — that is clearly insane, can the jury not judge the credibility of those same officers (and thus their evidence and testimony) with a jaundiced eye?
For example, let’s pretend that Texas passes a law that says slavery is back in style, and we are going back to the good old days. They also pass a law that says it is illegal to help a slave escape to New Mexico. You are on the jury that is tasked with judging a man who was caught helping a slave escape, admits it, is proud of it, and states loudly that he will do it again.
The judge tells you that you are not allowed to judge the law, only the facts of the case, which turns you into the rubber stamp of a slave state: that is, you must convict, or attempt jury nullification, which is almost impossible to justify because the defendant admitted guilt.
My question is why does a jury need to resort to nullification in such a scenario when the officers of the court — the judge and prosecutors — are enforcing an unconstitutional law that clearly disqualifies them from any reasonable standard of credibility?
In such a case it seems that the jury simply can simply say, “The officers of the court have no credibility because they choose to enforce an unconstitutional law; therefore, their testimony and the other evidence they have presented is also suspect (for example, the defendant could have been forced to confess to his ‘crime’.) Because the jury does not find the officers of the court — and therefore the evidence they present — to be credible, the jury finds the defendant to be not guilty.”
The above question is not just an academic question, but one with practical significance for at least five reasons:
1) Torture is now, courtesy of Unitary Executive Theory and the Bybee Memos, (and assisted by the Patriot Act ), allowed to be used to extract information and thus, confessions, and not just of terrorism but of other crimes (to quote section 802 of the Patriot Act, ”involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State”.) That breathtakingly broad statement includes pretty much anything, right down to speeding tickets.
2) Unconstitutional laws that facilitate torture and slavery are now being passed almost without public comment or notice (study the Military Commissions Act sometime.)
3) Juries that rely on jury nullification are increasingly being questioned after their decision not only by judges and prosecutors but even by the media, and their answers are being used to imprison them for perjury.
4) Laws are increasingly being applied in ways they were never intended to be applied, with the result that juries are being forced to convict people of acts that were never meant to be crimes under the law when it was passed.
5) The judge claims the right to judge the law. If a judge then allows such a blatantly unconstitutional (if not insane) law to be used to convict anyone, how can any juror who takes his task seriously regard the entire court under that judges control as anything other than not credible?
By approaching the problem as I have above, the jury avoids any question of rule breaking, and at the same time sends the message to the court that they will not be trifled with as they seem to be today (I say “seem to be” because I still have not decided one way or the other on this issue, and refuse to do so based on Internet ravings by either conspiracy nuts or clones of Judge Bork.)